Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. This is often done by inserting genes from one organism into another to introduce a desired trait, such as resistance to pests or tolerance to herbicides. GMOs are used in agriculture, medicine, and research, but they also raise concerns about their potential impact on the environment and human health. Research in this area focuses on developing new GMOs, understanding their effects, and addressing ethical and regulatory issues surrounding their use.